비동기식 학습과 동기식 학습: 장점, 단점 및 모범 사례

Choosing between asynchronous and synchronous learning can be tough. Asynchronous learning gives flexibility—learners can go at their own pace, making it easier for those with tight schedules. 

Synchronous learning, however, allows for live interaction with quick feedback that builds connection. Studies show that blending both methods boosts engagement and retention.​

In this article, you’ll get a quick look at the pros and cons of each method and easy tips on how to use them together for the best training experience.

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What is Asynchronous Learning?

Asynchronous learning is a style where learners go through materials on their own schedule, without needing to be online at a specific time. This approach is popular in workplace education because it lets employees learn at their own pace. 

Some common methods include pre-recorded lectures, online discussion forums, and digital resources that employees can access whenever they want. 

For professionals balancing work and learning, this flexibility is essential, as they can fit training into their day without disrupting work tasks. It also works well for non-traditional students or those juggling multiple commitments. 

However, one challenge with asynchronous learning is the lack of real-time interaction, which can make it harder to stay motivated and engaged without a live instructor or classmate feedback. 

Despite this, for many in the workplace, the benefits of learning on their own time outweigh these drawbacks, making asynchronous learning a valuable tool for ongoing professional development.

What is Synchronous Learning?

Synchronous learning happens when people learn together in real-time, which works well in workplace education when teams need structure and immediate feedback. 

In this style, employees join live virtual classes or real-time discussions, where they can ask questions, get instant answers, and participate in group activities. 

This format keeps everyone on the same page and encourages active engagement, which can be especially valuable for building teamwork or discussing complex topics. 

Synchronous learning makes it easier for employees to stay focused and involved, thanks to direct interaction with instructors and colleagues. 

However, the set schedule can be a challenge, especially for employees with busy workloads or those in different time zones. 

Despite this, many workplaces find that the structure and direct engagement of synchronous learning make it a strong option for certain training sessions and team-building activities.

Asynchronous vs. Synchronous Learning: Key Differences

Flexibility vs. Structure: Comparing the Time Commitment

Asynchronous learning allows employees to choose when and where they learn, fitting training around work and life schedules. 

This flexibility works well for busy professionals who may need to complete training modules in short breaks or after work. 

On the other hand, synchronous learning provides a structured schedule with specific class times, creating a consistent routine but requiring employees to set aside time during work hours or designated training sessions. 

For those who prefer a set schedule to stay on track, synchronous learning might be a better fit.

Learning Pace: Self-Directed vs. Instructor-Led

With asynchronous learning, employees can work at their own speed, pausing or replaying lessons as needed. This self-directed pace suits those who want extra time to absorb material or revisit difficult concepts. 

In contrast, synchronous learning moves at an instructor-led pace, with all participants progressing together. 

While this creates a steady flow, it can be challenging for employees who prefer to learn more slowly or revisit information.

Engagement and Interaction Levels

Asynchronous learning often involves recorded materials and discussion boards, where engagement happens independently and may feel less immediate. Without live interaction, employees may find it harder to stay motivated or to connect with colleagues. 

Synchronous learning provides real-time interaction, encouraging live discussions and immediate feedback. This face-to-face (or screen-to-screen) engagement helps build team connections and offers a supportive, interactive environment for learning.

Technology Requirements: Tools and Set-Up Needs

Each learning style has different tech needs. Asynchronous learning usually requires access to a reliable learning platform, such as an LMS (Learning Management System), where employees can find recorded videos, quizzes, and forums. 

Synchronous learning, however, requires live video conferencing tools and stable internet to support smooth, real-time sessions. 

Employees also need cameras, microphones, and quiet space, making synchronous learning more dependent on tech quality and consistent connectivity.

Assessment and Feedback Styles

Asynchronous learning tends to offer feedback through automated quizzes or delayed responses from instructors. 

This can work well for self-paced activities but might feel slow for employees seeking quick answers. 

Synchronous learning allows for real-time feedback and clarification, which can be helpful for complex topics or when employees need immediate support. 

However, it often lacks the flexibility of self-paced review, which asynchronous methods can provide through repeatable assessments.

Pros and Cons of Asynchronous Learning

Pros of Asynchronous Learning

• Learn Anytime, Anywhere: Employees can study whenever they have time, fitting training around their work and life.
• Great for Busy Schedules: Works well for people with full-time jobs, family responsibilities, or other commitments.
• Go at Your Own Pace: Learners can go over materials as often as needed, helping them understand tough topics better.
• Access to Resources from Everywhere: Learners can tap into courses and materials from experts around the world, giving them more learning options.

Cons of Asynchronous Learning

• Less Real-Time Interaction: No live classes mean less chance to connect with teachers or classmates instantly, which can make learning feel less exciting.
• Takes Strong Motivation: Without a set schedule, learners need to stay focused on their own, which can be hard for some.
• Limited Networking: There’s less chance to work with others or get quick feedback, which may make learning feel more solitary.
• Can Feel Isolating: Learning alone without a group or teacher present can feel lonely, especially for those who prefer social learning or need more guidance.

Pros and Cons of Synchronous Learning

Pros of Synchronous Learning

• Instant Feedback: Questions get answered right away, so there’s no delay in learning.
• Builds Community: Learning together creates a shared experience, which can feel motivating.
• Structured Schedule: Regular class times help keep learners on track and making steady progress.
• Social Interaction: Real-time discussions let learners connect, share ideas, and learn from each other.

Cons of Synchronous Learning

• Less Flexibility: Learners must attend at set times, which can be hard for busy schedules.
• May Not Suit Everyone: Fixed times can be difficult for different time zones or learning styles.
• Tech Requirements: Reliable internet and good technology are a must, which not everyone has.
• Hard for Busy Learners: Those with work, family, or other responsibilities may struggle to fit live sessions in.

How to Choose Between Asynchronous and Synchronous Learning

• Know Your Learning Style: Decide if you prefer working at your own pace or following a structured, live class format.
• Consider Your Schedule: Think about how much time you have and whether you need flexibility or can commit to set times.
• Check Your Comfort with Technology: Asynchronous learning requires self-paced tools, while synchronous needs reliable video and real-time tech.
• Think About Interaction: If connecting with peers and having live discussions is important, synchronous learning might be a better fit.
• Explore Hybrid Options: A mix of both styles can offer flexibility with some structured, interactive sessions when needed.

Hybrid Learning: The Best of Both Worlds?

Hybrid learning mixes both self-paced and live learning, making it flexible and effective for workplace training. Employees can go through lessons and materials on their own time and then join live sessions to ask questions and connect with others.  

이 접근 방식은 사람들이 자신의 속도에 맞춰 학습할 수 있게 해주면서도 여전히 대화하고 피드백을 받을 기회를 주기 때문에 효과적입니다.

많은 직장에서는 오퍼링과 같은 하이브리드 학습을 사용합니다. 온라인 과정 매주 실시간 체크인을 하거나 녹화된 수업과 그룹 토론을 혼합할 수 있습니다.

하이브리드 학습을 최대한 활용하려면 시간을 할애하여 자료를 직접 살펴보고 라이브 세션에 참여하여 연결 상태를 유지하고 참여를 유지하세요.

비동기식 및 동기식 학습의 모범 사례

비동기 학습자용

• 동기 부여 및 조직 유지: 학습 세션이 작더라도 각 학습 세션의 목표를 설정하세요.이렇게 하면 앞으로 나아갈 수 있고 성취감을 느낄 수 있습니다.
• 리소스 최대한 활용하기: 포럼, 토론 게시판, 녹화된 자료를 사용하여 주제에 대해 더 자세히 알아보세요.이러한 리소스는 자료를 완전히 이해하는 데 도움이 되므로 활용하시기 바랍니다.
• 개인 학습 일정 수립: 일주일 중 특정 시간을 따로 정해 학습에 집중하세요.규칙적인 학습 일정을 세우면 일정대로 수업을 진행하고 제 시간에 수업을 마칠 수 있습니다.

동기식 학습자용

• 라이브 세션 준비: 수업 전에 배정된 자료를 모두 읽고 질문을 준비하십시오.이렇게 하면 세션에서 더 많은 것을 얻고 적극적으로 참여할 수 있습니다.
• 참여 및 상호 작용: 목소리를 높이거나 질문하는 것을 두려워하지 마세요.적극적인 참여는 학습을 더욱 흥미롭게 만들고 다른 사람들과 소통하는 데 도움이 됩니다.
• 시간을 잘 관리하세요: 실시간 세션과 업무 및 기타 작업의 균형을 맞추는 것은 어려울 수 있습니다.서두르지 않고 각 세션에 대비할 수 있도록 미리 알림을 설정하고 하루를 정리하세요.

결론

요약하면, 비동기 학습은 유연성을 제공하고 동기 학습은 실시간 상호 작용과의 연결을 구축합니다.

두 가지를 결합하면 다양한 요구 사항에 맞고 학습을 향상시키는 균형 잡힌 매력적인 학습 경험을 만들 수 있습니다.

이러한 전략을 실행에 옮길 준비가 되셨나요?다음 교육 세션에서 이러한 방법을 조합해 보세요.